Migraine headaches may have an aura before or during the headache, and may be experienced as seizures. Auras often involve spontaneous activity in the neurons of the visual cortex, and can cause changes in visual acuity, loss of vision or perception of bright spots or light. The pain is then dull and pulsating, usually on one side of the head. Nausea, vomiting, vomiting, photophobia, and sensitivity to sound are common symptoms. The pain can range from moderate to severe intensity and can reach a disabling level.

Migraines can occur due to various factors such as trauma, hormonal changes, food sensitivities and autonomic dysregulation. In particular, migraines often occur as a result of traumatic head injury or as part of Post Commotio Syndrome.

Genetic influence in the development of migraine is significant. Research indicates that a significant part of the vulnerability to migraine is hereditary. Genetic variations have been observed in ion pumps responsible for regulating sodium and potassium concentrations in neurons. These pumps play a crucial role in maintaining proper neuronal activation.
These genetic factors lead to dysfunction in specific ion channels that control the flow of calcium ions into neurons, and this affects serotonin release in the midbrain. Serotonin is an important regulator of blood vessels and is involved in various pain modulating mechanisms. Reduced serotonin release due to channel dysfunction makes individuals more vulnerable to migraine.

Magnesium also plays an important role, as it blocks excessive activity in calcium channels observed in migraine, and magnesium deficiency has been detected in the cortex of migraine patients.

Cervicogenic headaches originate in the muscles and deep structures of the neck. The cervical area around the spine contains various tissues that can cause painful and intense localized pain. The causes of these headaches can be whiplash injuries, sports injuries, inflammation of muscles and joints, or irritation of nerves. The pain is often accompanied by limited mobility in the neck, which can result in the formation of fibrous tissue and further reduced mobility. As a result, the pain usually radiates from the neck to the back and sides of the head, as well as to the forehead and the area around or behind the eyes. At this point, attention often turns to the headache, while the pain from the cervical spine is less noticed. Many people tend to focus on the headache and neglect the pain originating from the neck. This type of headache can also cause dizziness.

In cases of cervicogenic headaches, it is important to properly examine and improve eye motor function. Often we observe that neck injuries can have a negative impact on eye movement and the function of the inner ear (balance organ). As there is a close interaction between the eyes, neck and inner ear, it is crucial to evaluate the eye movements and treat any problems, when rehabilitating the neck injuries, that are causing the headaches. Research shows that impaired eye motor function and neck problems often occur simultaneously, and therefore rehabilitating both eye motor function and the neck is effective in reducing symptoms related to both the neck and eyes after neck injuries.

When you experience a whiplash injury, this can lead to disturbances in the body's balance and control system due to disorganized activity in the neck. The ability to activate reflexes in the nervous system that stabilize the deep muscles in the neck can be impaired. In cases of whiplash, there is a disruption in the cooperation between the neck and the eyes, especially when moving at different speeds. This lack of proper control and cooperation between the eyes and the neck has significant consequences for the common symptoms experienced in whiplash injuries.